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Poloviční lodní smyčka je jedním ze základních uzlů. Je využívána pro jištění bez jistící pomůcky (např. ATC) pouze za pomocí lana a HMS karabiny. Je taktéž využívána v pokročilých lanových technikách (např. při záchranných pracech).
Poloviční lodní smyčka je jedním ze základních uzlů. Je využívána pro jištění bez jistící pomůcky (např. ATC) pouze za pomocí lana a HMS karabiny. Je taktéž využívána v pokročilých lanových technikách (např. při záchranných pracech).
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=== Tying for an anchor belay (easy method) ===
=== Tying for an anchor belay (easy method) ===
This method is very robust and suitable for learning how to tie the hitch.
This method is very robust and ideal for learning the Munter hitch.
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[[File: Hms_ez_step1.png|140px]]
{{#invoke:FlexGallery|gallery
[[File: Hms_ez_step2.png|140px]]
|130px
[[File: Hms_ez_step3.png|140px]]
|File: Hms_ez_step1.png
[[File: Hms_ez_step4.png|140px]]
|Make a loop (1)
[[File: Hms_ez_step5.png|140px]]
|File: Hms_ez_step2.png
[[File: Hms_ez_step6.png|140px]]
|Pull your thumb through the loop (2)
|File: Hms_ez_step3.png
|Place another strand over your thumb and close the hand with your index finger (3)
|File: Hms_ez_step4.png
|Pull the carabiner through the rope exactly in the path of your thumb (4)
|File: Hms_ez_step5.png
|Screw the safety-lock (5)
|File: Hms_ez_step6.png
|Inspect that everything is correct (6) and as a final test, pull the brake strand (7), the Munter hitch flips into another Munter
}}
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'''Steps description''': start with making a loop on a rope (1) and pull the loop on your thumb (2). Then place another strand over your thumb (3) and close the hand with your index finger. Next, pull the carabiner exactly through the rope in the path of your thumb (4). Screw the safety-lock (5), inspect that everything is correct (6) and pull the break-strand (7) to test if the munter hitch flips into another munter as a final check.
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=== Tying for a harness belay ===
=== Tying for a harness belay ===
[[File: Hms_harness_step0.png|120px]]
{{#invoke:FlexGallery|gallery
[[File: Hms_harness_step1.png|120px]]
|120px
[[File: Hms_harness_step2.png|120px]]
|File: Hms_harness_step0.png
[[File: Hms_harness_step3.png|120px]]
|Start with a rope through the carabiner which is attached to your harness
[[File: Hms_harness_step4.png|120px]]
|File: Hms_harness_step1.png
[[File: Hms_harness_step5.png|120px]]
|Take a bight of the rope (1)
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|File: Hms_harness_step2.png
 
|Make a loop (2)
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|File: Hms_harness_step3.png
'''Steps description''': start with a rope through the carabiner which is attached to your harness. Take a bite of a rope (1) and create a loop (2). Then you open the carabiner gate (3) and seat the loop into the carabiner (4). Screw the safety-lock (5), inspect that everything is correct (6) and pull the break-strand (7) to test if the munter hitch flips into another munter as a final check.
|Open the carabiner gate (3) and seat the loop into the carabiner (4)
|File: Hms_harness_step4.png
|Screw the safety-lock (5)
|File: Hms_harness_step5.png
|Inspect that everything is correct (6) and pull the break-strand (7) to test if the munter hitch flips into another munter
}}
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== Belaying ==
== Belaying ==
Always hold the break strand! Belaying with Munter hitch is reliable and reasonably comfortable. Munter works smoothly when not loaded, yet giving friction to catch a fall once tensioned. It blocks regardless of the angle of the breaking hand. The main reason why it is used less often is that if the rope is pulled through the hitch under tension, Munter tends to tangle the rope.
Always hold the break strand! Belaying with Munter hitch is reliable and reasonably comfortable. In works smoothly when not loaded, but provides plenty of friction to catch a fall once tensioned. It works at any angle of the brake strand. The main drawback is that if the rope is pulled through the hitch under load, it tends to tangle the rope, which is the main reason why it is now used only rarely.
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=== Belaying risks ===
=== Belaying risks ===
When belaying with Munter hitch, aside from always holding the break strand, belayer should pay attention to keep fingers at a respectful distance from the knot, otherwise he might risk jamming his fingers into the belay, which might result in a severe finger injury. Belayer should also ensure to tie the Munter in a way that it does not interfere with the carabiner gate/lock. Otherwise the rope friction might unlock, and maybe even open the gate of the carabiner.
Belayer should keep their fingers at a respectful distance from the knot. Otherwise they might risk jamming the fingers into the belay, which might result in a severe finger injury.<ref>'''Warning - Gore''': {{cite web | url=https://rescue2training.com/tying-a-munter-hitch-around-an-object/ | title=Tying a Munter Hitch Around an Object (updated) | publisher=Rescue 2 Training | website=Rescue2Training.com | access-date=25 September 2025 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925045809/https://rescue2training.com/tying-a-munter-hitch-around-an-object/ | archive-date=25 September 2025}}</ref> Belayer should also ensure to tie the Munter in a way that it wont interfere with the carabiner gate/lock. Otherwise the rope friction might unlock, and maybe even open the carabiner gate.
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[[File: Munter_fingers_safe.png|144px]]
{{#invoke:FlexGallery|gallery_with_widths
[[File: Munter_fingers.png|144px]]
|File: Munter_fingers_safe.png
[[File: Hms_harness_step0.png|120px]]
|135px
[[File: Hms belay with climber.png|120px]]
|When catching a fall, the rope slips a bit through the Munter. Keep your hand in a respectful distance from the hitch...
[[File: hms_belay_left_top.png|120px]]
|File: Munter_fingers.png
[[File: hms_belay_left_bot.png|120px]]
|135px
|... otherwise you risk jamming a finger
|File:Hms_harness_step0.png
|120px
|If you plan to belay from the harness...
|File: Hms belay with climber.png
|120px
|... tie the Munter in a way that it does not interfere with the carabiner gate/lock
|File: hms_belay_left_bot.png
|120px
|Otherwise the rope friction might unlock...
|File: hms_belay_left_top.png
|120px
|... or even open the carabiner during belaying
}}
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== Tie-off - Mule overhand ==
== Tie-off - Mule overhand ==
This is the most recognized method to tie-off the mule overhand to set your hands free. The tie-off consists from a slipknot and then overhand knot, both of which are tied around the life end of the rope. As both of these knots are tied with a bite and rope is also pulled through the carabiner, it takes practice to be able to securely inspect the tie-off.
To set your hands free from belaying, tie-off the mule overhand. The tie-off consists from a slipknot followed by an overhand knot. Both of them are tied around the sharp end of the rope. The knot looks very tangled as both of these knots are tied with a bight and the rope is also pulled through the carabiner. It takes practice to reliably tie and inspect the tie-off.
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[[File: hms_tieoff_step1_p6w.png|120px]]
{{#invoke:FlexGallery|gallery_with_widths
[[File: hms_tieoff_step2_p8w.png|160px]]
|File: hms_tieoff_step1_p6w.png
[[File: hms_tieoff_step3_p8w.png|160px]]
|120px
[[File: hms_tieoff_step4_p8w.png|160px]]
|If the knot is not in the correct position, flip the knot by giving a bit of a slack (1)
[[File: Munter_tieoff_step5.png|200px]]
|File: hms_tieoff_step2_p8w.png
[[File: hms_tieoff_step7_p8w.png|160px]]
|160px
[[File: hms_tieoff_step8_p8w.png|160px]]
|Make a loop (2)
[[File: hms_tieoff_step9_p6w.png|120px]]
|File: hms_tieoff_step3_p8w.png
[[File: hms_tieoff_step10_p6w.png|120px]]
|160px
|Move it behind the sharp end of the rope (3)
|File: hms_tieoff_step4_p8w.png
|160px
|Pull a bight of the rope belay end through the loop (4), making a slipknot around the sharp end
|File: Munter_tieoff_step5.png
|200px
|Grab the bight with a hand (5) and simultaneously take slack out of the system while releasing the other hand (6), note that the break strand is still always being held during this step
|File: hms_tieoff_step7_p8w.png
|160px
|Pull the bight through the carabiner (7), increase its size if necessary for the next steps
|File: hms_tieoff_step8_p8w.png
|160px
|Secure the tie-off...
|File: hms_tieoff_step9_p6w.png
|120px
|... by making an overhand around the life end of the rope (8,9)
|File: hms_tieoff_step10_p6w.png
|120px
|And the mule-overhand tie-off is done
}}
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'''Steps description''': If the knot is not in the correct position, give a bit of a slack first to flip the knot (1). Next create a loop (2) and move it behind the life end (3). Pull a bite of the belay end through the loop (4) effectively making a slipknot around the life end of the rope. Now grab the bite with a hand (5) and simultaneously take out slack out of the system while releasing the other hand (6), note that the break strand is always hold during this step. Pull the bite through the carabiner (7), increase is size if necessary for the next steps. Secure the tie-off by making an overhand around the life end of the rope (8,9).
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Rychlá metoda pohybem jedné ruky.
Rychlá metoda pohybem jedné ruky.


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[[File: Hms hand step1.png|150px]]
[[File: Hms hand step1.png|150px]]
[[File: Hms hand step2.png|150px]]
[[File: Hms hand step2.png|150px]]
[[File: Hms hand step3.png|150px]]
[[File: Hms hand step3.png|150px]]
[[File: Hms hand step4.png|150px]]
[[File: Hms hand step4.png|150px]]
 
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'''Popis kroků''': Začněte s lanem provlečeným skrz karabinu. Následně táhněte pramen lana blíže k vám pod druhým pramenem a nahoru (1). Otevřete zámek a protáhněte jím pramen lana zpředu dozadu. Po zavření zámku karabiny (5) uzamkněte karabinu (4). Následuje kontrola zámku a vlastní smyčky (6), a přesmyk smyčky na její druhou pozici (7). Při správném uvázání se poloviční lodní smyčka přesmykne opět na poloviční lodní smyčku (9).


=== Podrobná metoda ===
=== Podrobná metoda ===
Podrobný návod krok za krokem.
Podrobný návod krok za krokem.


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[[File: Munter_tie_step1.png|100px]]
[[File: Munter_tie_step1.png|100px]]
[[File: Munter_tie_step2.png|100px]]
[[File: Munter_tie_step2.png|100px]]
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[[File: Munter_tie_step6.png|100px]]
[[File: Munter_tie_step6.png|100px]]
[[File: Munter_tie_step7.png|100px]]
[[File: Munter_tie_step7.png|100px]]
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'''Popis kroků''': Začněte s lanem provlečeným skrz karabinu. Následuje protažení pramene lana blíže k lezci pod druhým pramenem (1), otevření zámku karabiny (2) a umístění pramene lana do karabiny směrem odpředu dozadu (3) a jeho usazení (4). Po zavření zámku karabiny (5) je karabina uzamčena (6). Následuje kontrola zámku a vlastní smyčky (7) a přesmyk smyčky na její druhou pozici (8). Při správném uvázání se poloviční lodní smyčka přesmykne opět na poloviční lodní smyčku (9).
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== References ==
{{reflist}}
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Revision as of 08:01, 25 September 2025

Other languages:
Poloviční lodní smyčka
PoužitíJištění, záchranné techniky
KategorieSmyčka

Poloviční lodní smyčka je jedním ze základních uzlů. Je využívána pro jištění bez jistící pomůcky (např. ATC) pouze za pomocí lana a HMS karabiny. Je taktéž využívána v pokročilých lanových technikách (např. při záchranných pracech).

Tying

Tying for an anchor belay (easy method)

This method is very robust and ideal for learning the Munter hitch.

  • Make a loop (1)
  • Pull your thumb through the loop (2)
  • Place another strand over your thumb and close the hand with your index finger (3)
  • Pull the carabiner through the rope exactly in the path of your thumb (4)
  • Screw the safety-lock (5)
  • Inspect that everything is correct (6) and as a final test, pull the brake strand (7), the Munter hitch flips into another Munter

Tying for a harness belay

  • Start with a rope through the carabiner which is attached to your harness
  • Take a bight of the rope (1)
  • Make a loop (2)
  • Open the carabiner gate (3) and seat the loop into the carabiner (4)
  • Screw the safety-lock (5)
  • Inspect that everything is correct (6) and pull the break-strand (7) to test if the munter hitch flips into another munter

Belaying

Always hold the break strand! Belaying with Munter hitch is reliable and reasonably comfortable. In works smoothly when not loaded, but provides plenty of friction to catch a fall once tensioned. It works at any angle of the brake strand. The main drawback is that if the rope is pulled through the hitch under load, it tends to tangle the rope, which is the main reason why it is now used only rarely.

Belaying risks

Belayer should keep their fingers at a respectful distance from the knot. Otherwise they might risk jamming the fingers into the belay, which might result in a severe finger injury.[1] Belayer should also ensure to tie the Munter in a way that it wont interfere with the carabiner gate/lock. Otherwise the rope friction might unlock, and maybe even open the carabiner gate.

  • When catching a fall, the rope slips a bit through the Munter. Keep your hand in a respectful distance from the hitch...
  • ... otherwise you risk jamming a finger
  • If you plan to belay from the harness...
  • ... tie the Munter in a way that it does not interfere with the carabiner gate/lock
  • Otherwise the rope friction might unlock...
  • ... or even open the carabiner during belaying

Tie-off - Mule overhand

To set your hands free from belaying, tie-off the mule overhand. The tie-off consists from a slipknot followed by an overhand knot. Both of them are tied around the sharp end of the rope. The knot looks very tangled as both of these knots are tied with a bight and the rope is also pulled through the carabiner. It takes practice to reliably tie and inspect the tie-off.

  • If the knot is not in the correct position, flip the knot by giving a bit of a slack (1)
  • Make a loop (2)
  • Move it behind the sharp end of the rope (3)
  • Pull a bight of the rope belay end through the loop (4), making a slipknot around the sharp end
  • Grab the bight with a hand (5) and simultaneously take slack out of the system while releasing the other hand (6), note that the break strand is still always being held during this step
  • Pull the bight through the carabiner (7), increase its size if necessary for the next steps
  • Secure the tie-off...
  • ... by making an overhand around the life end of the rope (8,9)
  • And the mule-overhand tie-off is done

Alternative tying methods

Metoda jednou rukou

Rychlá metoda pohybem jedné ruky.

Podrobná metoda

Podrobný návod krok za krokem.

File:Munter tie step1.png File:Munter tie step2.png File:Munter tie step3.png File:Munter tie step4.png File:Munter tie step5.png File:Munter tie step6.png File:Munter tie step7.png

References

  1. ↑ Warning - Gore: "Tying a Munter Hitch Around an Object (updated)". Rescue2Training.com. Rescue 2 Training. Archived from the original on 25 September 2025. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
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